电工常用计算公式大全
本文汇总电工日常工作中最常用的计算公式,涵盖电压、电流、电阻、功率等基本电量关系。
一、欧姆定律
部分电路欧姆定律:文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
$I = \dfrac{U}{R}$,$U = IR$,$R = \dfrac{U}{I}$文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
全电路欧姆定律(含内阻):文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
$I = \dfrac{E}{R + r}$文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
其中 $E$ 为电源电动势,$r$ 为电源内阻。文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
二、电功率计算
直流电路功率:文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
$P = UI = I^2R = \dfrac{U^2}{R}$文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
交流电路有功功率:文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
$P = UI\cos\varphi$文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
三、电阻串并联
串联:$R_{\text{总}} = R_1 + R_2 + \cdots + R_n$文章源自公式库网-https://www.gongshiku.com/html/201808/diangongchangyongjisuangongshi.html
并联:$\dfrac{1}{R_{\text{总}}} = \dfrac{1}{R_1} + \dfrac{1}{R_2} + \cdots + \dfrac{1}{R_n}$
两个电阻并联简算:$R_{\text{总}} = \dfrac{R_1 R_2}{R_1 + R_2}$
四、基尔霍夫定律
电流定律(KCL):$\sum I_{\text{入}} = \sum I_{\text{出}}$
电压定律(KVL):$\sum U = 0$(沿任一闭合回路)
五、电能与电热
电能:$W = Pt = UIt$
焦耳定律:$Q = I^2Rt$